Walnut septum (WS), a by-product that is frequently discarded as waste during walnut processing, has a phytochemical profile that defines the therapeutic potential. Recent studies exposed that WS contains many bioactive phytochemicals, with demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo biological activities including anti-aging potential. Several phytochemical studies showed that the walnut septum is a rich source of secondary metabolites like polyphenols are which estimated to be responsible for its high antioxidant property. Walnut Septum is a versatile natural product that has various uses in different industries and applications. Through the literature, several names for internal septum of walnut fruit have been used. Diaphragma Juglandis fructus, Juglans regia septum, septa of the fruit of Juglans regia, Kernel septum membranes, walnut septum and walnut membrane septum are the names that have been used in various sources that refer to this part of walnut fruit. In Chinese traditional medicine, the walnut septum had been used to treat different illnesses such as insomnia, renal diseases, enuresis, gonorrhea, and reproductive disorders. It is walnut’s main source of polyphenols with powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. The septa of Juglans regia fruit was a rich raw material containing several compounds including lipids, low-molecularmass phenolic carboxylic acids, phenolic aldehydes, catechins, proanthocyanidins, oligomeric and polymeric phenolic substances. The isolated compounds were gallic acid, dihydrophaseic acid, blumenol B, quercitrin, protocatechuic acid, taxifolin-3-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside, ρhydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, ethyl gallate, dihydroquercetin, (4s)-4-hydroxy-1-tetralone, (+)-dehydrovomifoliol, (6R,9S)-9- hydroxymegastigman-4-en-3-one, and (6R,9S)-9- hydroxymegastigman-4-en-3-one.